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Īfter the Spanish victory at the War of Portuguese Succession, Philip II of Spain obtained the Portuguese crown, and Portugal and its overseas territories came under his rule with the so-called Iberian Union, considered by many historians as a Spanish conquest. The crown's authority in the Indies was enlarged by the papal grant of powers of patronage, giving it power in the religious sphere.
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The structure of the empire was further defined under the Spanish Habsburgs (1516–1700), and under the Spanish Bourbon monarchs the empire was brought under greater crown control and increased its revenues from the Indies. Castile became the dominant kingdom in Iberia because of its jurisdiction over the overseas empire in the Americas and the Philippines. Īn important element in the formation of Spain's empire was the dynastic union between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, known as the Catholic Monarchs, which initiated political, religious and social cohesion but not political unification. It was one of the world's most powerful empires of the early modern period, becoming known as " the empire on which the sun never sets", and reached its maximum extent in the 18th century. One of the largest empires in history, it was, in conjunction with the Portuguese, the first to usher the European Age of Discovery and achieve a global scale, controlling vast portions of the Americas, the archipelago of Philippines, various islands in the Pacific and territories in Western Europe and Africa. The Spanish Empire (Spanish: Imperio Español), also known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Spanish: Monarquía Hispánica) or the Catholic Monarchy (Spanish: Monarquía Católica) during the Early Modern period, was a colonial empire governed by Spain and its predecessor states between 14. The American Bill of Rights, inspired by Jefferson and drafted by James Madison, was adopted, and in 1791 the Constitution's first ten amendments became the law of the land.United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands So, the Constitution's framers heeded Thomas Jefferson who argued: "A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse, or rest on inference."
#Challenges to spain’s monopoly in the new world came from the free
Recently freed from the despotic English monarchy, the American people wanted strong guarantees that the new government would not trample upon their newly won freedoms of speech, press and religion, nor upon their right to be free from warrantless searches and seizures. In the end, popular sentiment was decisive. The Anti-Federalists, who were afraid of a strong centralized government, refused to support the Constitution without one. The Federalists opposed including a bill of rights on the ground that it was unnecessary. It would take four more years of intense debate before the new government's form would be resolved. The absence of a "bill of rights" turned out to be an obstacle to the Constitution's ratification by the states. The "consent of the governed" meant propertied white men only. For another, it did not apply to everyone. It specified what the government could do but did not say what it could not do. For one thing, it did not include a specific declaration - or bill - of individual rights. The Constitution was remarkable, but deeply flawed. The first draft set up a system of checks and balances that included a strong executive branch, a representative legislature and a federal judiciary. In the summer of 1787, delegates from the 13 states convened in Philadelphia and drafted a remarkable blueprint for self-government - the Constitution of the United States. " bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse."